“Suffering so great as I underwent cannot be expressed in words . . . but the blank whirlwind
of emotion, the horror of great darkness, and the sense of desertion by God and man, which …

THE idea that reflexes originating in the heart can play a role in normal physiology dates to
the 1860s. 1 Until the 1950s, these reflexes, and the Bezold–Jarisch reflex (BJR) in particular…

BACKGROUND: The practice of avoiding cephalosporin administration to penicillin-allergic
patients persists despite the low rate of cross reactions between both groups of antibiotics. …

Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common type of chronic liver disease
that can lead to cirrhosis. Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, has been shown …

Hepcidin is a key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin deficiency induces iron
overload, whereas hepcidin excess induces anemia. Mutations in the gene encoding …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)β
superfamily of ligands that regulate many crucial aspects of embryonic development and …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)
superfamily of ligands, which regulate many mammalian physiologic and …

The heat shock protein (HSP) 27 is constitutively expressed at low levels in medium-sized
lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in adult rats. Transection of the sciatic nerve results in …

Synaptic transfer of tau has long been hypothesized from the human pathology pattern and
has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. …

Despite the widespread presence of clinical anesthesiology in medical practice, the mechanism
by which diverse inhalational agents result in the state of general anesthesia remains …